ABSTRACT The high concentrations of salts present in the water sources of the Brazilian Northeastern semi-arid region stand out as one of the limiting factors for agricultural production, contributing to soil salinization and/or sodification. Thus, it is extremely important to identify strategies to mitigate the effects of salt stress on plants, such as the foliar application of salicylic acid. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid as an attenuator of salt stress on leaf gas exchange, water relations, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of okra cv. Canindé grown in a hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in Pombal, PB, Brazil. The treatments consisted of four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution - ECns (3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 mM) distributed in a completely randomized design in a split-plot scheme, considering the ECns levels as the plots and SA concentrations as the subplots, with four replicates and two plants per plot. ECns from 3.0 dS m-1 inhibited the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, leaf gas exchange, and growth of okra cv. Canindé. Foliar application of salicylic acid at concentrations of up to 3.6 mM does not alleviate the effects of salt stress on water relations, gas exchange and growth of okra. Salicylic acid at a concentration of 1.8 mM stimulates chlorophyll a and b biosynthesis in okra under ECns of 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1, respectively.

RESUMO As altas concentrações de sais presentes nas águas no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro destacam-se como um dos fatores limitantes para produção agrícola, contribuindo para a salinização e/ou sodificação dos solos. Assim, é de extrema importância a identificação de estratégias para amenizar os efeitos do estresse salino sobre as plantas, como a aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico como atenuante do estresse salino nas trocas gasosas, relações hídricas, pigmentos fotossintéticos e crescimento do quiabeiro cv. Canindé cultivado em sistema hidropônico. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, em Pombal, PB. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva - CEsn (3,0; 5,0; 7,0 e 9,0 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico - AS (0; 1,2; 2,4 e 3,6 mM) distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo os níveis de CEsn considerados as parcelas e as concentrações de AS as subparcelas, com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. CEsn a partir de 3,0 dS m-1 inibiu a síntese de pigmentos fotossintéticos, as trocas gasosas foliares e o crescimento do quiabeiro cv. Canindé. A aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico em concentração de até 3,6 mM não alivia os efeitos do estresse salino sobre as relações hídricas, trocas gasosas e crescimento do quiabeiro. Ácido salicílico com concentração de 1,8 mM estimula a biossíntese de clorofila a e b em quiabeiro sob CEsn de 3,0 e 4,0 dS m-1, respectivamente.

Abstract The constant intensification of aquaculture has considerable increased the stress levels of farmed fish and, consequently, the number and intensity of diseases outbreaks. Thus, studies on fish immune response, especially regarding the interaction of fish leukocytes with potential pathogens and xenobiotics are of great importance in order to develop new prophylactic and curative strategies. We isolated leukocytes from the head kidney of Astyanax lacustris—an important Neotropical fish species for aquaculture and a potential model for Neotropical aquaculture research—using a Percoll centrifugation protocol. The isolated leukocytes were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the expression of genes IL-1β, IL-8, LysC, and LysG were measured. We assessed the phagocytotic activity of leukocytes using Congo red-dyed yeast, a novel and cost-effective protocol that has been developed in this study. The isolated leukocytes responded to LPS induction, exhibiting strong IL-1β and IL-8 upregulation, two of the most important pro-inflammatory interleukins for vertebrates immune reponse. The optimal concentration of yeast for the phagocytic assay was 106 cells mL-1, resulting in acceptable phagocytic capacity (PC) but without excess of yeasts during the counting process, ensuring a high precision and accuracy of the method. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the in vitro gene expression and phagocytic activity of leukocytes isolated from A. lacustris. Our findings will serve as a reference for future studies on the immunology and toxicology of Neotropical fish.

Resumo A constante intensificação da aquicultura tem aumentado consideravelmente os níveis de estresse dos animais cultivados e, consequentemente, o número e a intensidade dos surtos de doenças. Logo, estudos sobre a resposta imune dos peixes, especialmente relacionados com a interação dos leucócitos de peixes com potenciais patógenos e xenobióticos, são de grande importância para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias profiláticas e curativas. No presente trabalho, nós obtivemos sucesso ao isolar leucócitos oriundos do rim cranial de Astyanax lacustris - uma importante espécie de peixe Neotropical para a aquicultura e um modelo em potencial para pesquisas em aquicultura Neotropical - usando um protocolo de centrifugação com Percoll. Os leucócitos isolados foram incubados com lipossacarídeo (LPS) e, a expressão dos genes IL-1β, IL-8, LysC, e LysG foi avaliada. Ainda, um novo protocolo para avaliação da atividade fagocítica dos leucócitos utilizando leveduras coradas com Vermelho Congo foi estabelecido. Os leucócitos isolados responderam à indução com LPS, exibindo up regulation dos genes IL-1β e IL-8, duas das interleucinas pró-inflamatórias mais importantes para a resposta imune de vertebrados. Além do mais, a concentração ótima de leveduras para a avaliação da fagocitose foi de 106 células mL-1, resultando em uma capacidade fagocítica (PC) aceitável, mas sem excesso de leveduras durante o processo de contagem, garantindo maior precisão e eficácia do método. Até o presente momento, o presente estudo é o primeiro a investigar a expressão gênica e atividade fagocítica de leucócitos isolados de A. lacustris através da abordagem in vitro. Ainda, nossos resultados servirão de referência para futuros estudos em imunologia e toxicologia de peixes Neotropicais.

Abstract Meloidogyne enterolobii, is currently the main phytosanitary problem of the guava production culture (Psidium guajava), leading to the death of entire orchards since effective control measures are not available. Control with synthetic nematicides has not been efficient, and this has resulted in the search for alternative methodologies, being developed research with organics materials, among them, the pyroligneous extract. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of pyroligneous extract on the control of M. enterolobii in guava (cv. Paluma). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 11 treatments, corresponding to extract concentrations (0.0%-control; 0.5%; 10%; 15%; 20%; 25%; 30%; 35%; 40%; 50% and 100%), with five repetitions/treatment. Soil infestation with 5,000 eggs/juveniles was carried out 10 days after the transplanting of seedlings. After 96 hours, 100 mL of pyroligneous extract was applied to the soil. The evaluations were done 90 days after treatments. It was observed that all concentrations were efficient in the control of M. enterolobii, with more accentuated reductions in parasitism and reproduction as the extract concentrations increased.

Resumo Meloidogyne enterolobii é, atualmente, o principal problema fitossanitário da cultura de goiabeira (Psidium guajava), levando à morte de pomares inteiros, uma vez que não se dispõe de medidas eficazes de controlo. O controlo com nematodicidas sintéticos não tem sido eficaz, o que resultou na procura de métodos alternativos, tendo sido desenvolvida investigação com material orgânico, entre eles, o extrato pirolenhoso. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar a influência do extrato pirolenhoso no controlo de M. enterolobii na cultura da goiabeira (cv. Paluma). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 11 tratamentos, correspondente a diferentes concentrações do extrato, com cinco réplicas por tratamento. A inoculação do solo com 5000 ovos/juvenis foi realizada 10 dias após o transplante das plântulas e 96 horas depois foram aplicados, no solo, 100 mL do extrato pirolenhoso. As avaliações foram feitas 90 dias após os tratamentos. Verificou-se que todas as concentrações foram eficazes no controlo de M. enterolobii, com reduções mais acentuadas do parasitismo e da reprodução à medida que aumentavam as concentrações do extrato.

RESUMO O estudo foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar a produção de sedimentos, a infiltração da água e o escoamento superficial em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo sob chuvas simuladas com erosividades semelhantes, mas com distintas combinações de intensidade de precipitação (Int) e duração (Dur). As chuvas foram aplicadas após o preparo do solo e no período de agosto a setembro de 2017 em Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. Utilizando um programa computacional, os tratamentos foram definidos a partir do cálculo da erosividade para uma chuva de 60 mm h-1 e 60 min de duração, resultando nas demais combinações de Int e Dur: 44,5 mm h-1 e 106 min; 53,5 mm h-1 e 78 min; 66,9 mm h-1 e 48 min; e 76,5 mm h-1 e 38 min, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. A produção de sedimentos variou de 2,17 a 6,11 g m-2, respectivamente, nos tratamentos com Int 53,5 mm h-1 e Dur 78 min e Int 44,5 mm h-1 e Dur 106 min. As taxas de infiltração estáveis (mm h-1) foram de 21,6; 37,7; 31,4; 29,5; e 22,4, respectivamente, nos tratamentos Int 44,5 mm h-1 e Dur 106 min; Int 53,5 mm h-1 e Dur 78 min; Int 60,4 mm h-1 e Dur 60 min; Int 66,9 mm h-1 e Dur 48 min; e Int 76,5 mm h-1 e Dur 38 min. As diferentes combinações de intensidade de precipitação e duração das chuvas com erosividade semelhante alteram a produção de sedimentos, mas não influenciam significativamente o escoamento superficial e a infiltração da água no solo.

ABSTRACT The study was carried out to evaluate sediment production, water infiltration and surface runoff in an Ultisol under simulated rainfalls with similar erosivity, but different combinations of intensity (Int) and duration (Dur). The rainfalls were applied after soil tillage in the period from August to September 2017, in Seropédica, RJ State, Brazil. Using a computer program, the treatments were defined from the erosivity calculated for a rainfall with intensity of 60 mm h-1 and duration of 60 min, resulting in the other combinations of Int and Dur: 44.5 mm h-1 and 106 min; 53.5 mm h-1 and 78 min; 66.9 mm h-1 and 48 min; and 76.5 mm h-1 and 38 min, in a completely randomized design with five repetitions. Sediment production varied from 2.17 to 6.11 g m-2, respectively, in the treatments with Int 53.5 mm h-1 and Dur 78 min and Int 44.5 mm h-1 and Dur 106 min. Stable infiltration rate (mm h-1) were 21.6, 37.7, 31.4, 29.5, and 22.4, respectively, in the treatments Int 44.5 mm h-1 and Dur 106 min; Int 53.5 mm h-1 and Dur 78 min; Int 60.4 mm h-1 and Dur 60 min; Int 66.9 mm h-1 and Dur 48 min; and Int 76.5 mm h-1 and Dur 38 min. The different combinations of intensity and duration of rainfalls with similar erosivity change sediment production, but do not significantly influence surface runoff and water infiltration in the soil.

Abstract Introduction: food surveys are used to determine the consumption of food and nutrients at the population and/or individual level, although they underestimate the intake by 37% or more. The introduction of new technologies such as the digital image of the portion of consumption could help to reduce the estimation error for calories and certain macronutrients. Objective: to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the food record method supported with real-time digital imaging in the estimation of caloric intake and macronutrients in young adults, considering the weighed food record (WFR) as a reference method. Methods: lunch intake was evaluated previously submitted to a WFR of 58 subjects. Before and after the intake, each participant captured an image of their consumption portions and completed a food record. The nutritional status of the subjects was determined. The statistical analysis was performed with medians, Kruskal-Wallis, and concordance with Bland-Altman (p < 0.05). Results: the highest proportion of subjects presented normal nutritional status (72%) and 80% presented average cardiovascular risk. Significant differences were found between the three methods when estimating the intake for calories, proteins, lipids. The underestimation of calories and lipids decreases from 32% to 25.8% and lipids from 47% to 24.4% when using a digital image to support the estimation of intake. Conclusions: the food record complemented with digital image of the consumed portions presents better agreement with the reference method (WFR) in estimation of calories, proteins and lipids, improving the precision and accuracy of the method.

Resumen Introducción: las encuestas alimentarias son utilizadas para la determinación del consumo de alimentos y nutrientes a nivel poblacional y/o individual, aunque subestiman la ingesta en un 37% o más. La introducción de nuevas tecnologías como la imagen digital de la porción de consumo, podría contribuir a disminuir el error de estimación para calorías y determinados macronutrientes. Objetivo: evaluar la precisión y exactitud del método de registro apoyado con imagen digital en tiempo real en la estimación de ingesta de calorías y macronutrientes en adultos jóvenes, considerándose como método de referencia el registro por pesada (RPP). Método: se evaluó la ingesta del almuerzo sometido previamente a un RPP de 58 sujetos. Antes y después de la ingesta, cada participante capturó una imagen de sus porciones de consumo y completaron un registro de ingesta. Se determinó el estado nutricional de los sujetos. El análisis estadístico se realizó con medianas, Kruskal-Wallis y concordancia con Bland-Altman (p < 0,05). Resultados: la mayor proporción de los sujetos presentó estado nutricional normal (72%) y el 80% presentó riesgo cardiovascular promedio. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tres métodos al estimar la ingesta en calorías, proteínas y lípidos. La subestimación de calorías y lípidos disminuye del 32% al 25,8% al utilizar una imagen digital como apoyo a la estimación de ingesta y lípidos de 47% al 24,4%. Conclusiones: el registro complementado con imagen digital de las porciones consumidas presenta mejor concordancia con el método de referencia (RPP) en estimación de calorías, proteínas y lípidos, mejorando la precisión y exactitud del método.

RESUMO Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a produção de girassol de corte em resposta a diferentes volumes de água e substratos, constituídos de solo e fibra de coco. Foram realizados dois experimentos simultâneos em casa de vegetação, localizada no setor de Horticultura da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica - RJ, Brasil (22º 48’ S, 43º 41’ W e altitude de 33 m), entre abril e junho de 2016. A aplicação de água foi realizada por meio do Acionador Automático para Irrigação (AAI), possibilitando a aplicação de diferentes volumes (33, 67 e 133% da capacidade de retenção do substrato) em relação ao tratamento controle (100%). Os substratos utilizados foram 1/3 de fibra de coco e 2/3 de solo (v/v) (Experimento 1), e 2/3 de fibra de coco e 1/3 do solo (v/v) (Experimento 2). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 5 repetições. O tratamento referente a 100% do volume aplicado pelo AAI possibilitou o melhor crescimento do girassol, proporcionando o aumento de renda potencial obtida com hastes em melhor padrão de comercialização de acordo com os preços praticados.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the production of cut sunflower in response to different water volumes and substrates, composed of soil and coconut fiber. Two simultaneous experiments were conducted in greenhouse, located in the Horticulture Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica - RJ, Brazil (22º 48’ S, 43º 41’ W and altitude of 33 m), between April and June 2016. Water was applied by an Simplified Irrigation Controller (SIC), allowing the application of different volumes (33, 67 and 133% of retention capacity of substrate) in comparison to the control treatment (100%). The substrates used were 1/3 of coconut fiber and 2/3 of soil (v/v) (Experiment 1), and 2/3 of coconut fiber and 1/3 of soil (Experiment 2). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 5 replicates. The treatment with 100% of the volume applied by the SIC led to best growth of sunflower, increasing the potential income obtained with stems at better marketing standard according to the prices practiced.

Because of weight gain, women often discontinue hormonal contraception, especially depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of studies describing dietary intake or eating behavior in DMPA users to understand whether the use of DMPA is associated with changes in dietary habits and behaviors leading to weight gain. We searched the PubMed, POPLINE, CENTRAL Cochrane, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases for reports published in English between 1980 and 2017 examining dietary intake or eating behavior in healthy women in reproductive age and adolescents using DMPA (150 mg/mL). Of the 749 publications screened, we excluded 742 due to duplicates (96), not addressing the key research question (638), not reporting dietary intake data (4), and not evaluating the relationship of body weight and dietary or eating behaviors (4). We identified seven relevant studies, including one randomized placebo-controlled trial, one non-randomized paired clinical trial, and five cohort studies. The randomized trial found no association and the other reports were inconsistent. Findings varied from no change in dietary intake or eating behavior with DMPA use to increased appetite in the first six months of DMPA use. Few studies report dietary intake and eating behavior in DMPA users and the available data are insufficient to conclude whether DMPA use is associated with changes in dietary habits or behavior leading to weight gain.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the growth performance, blood profile and intestinal morphometry in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in cages. 936 Nile tilapias were distributed in 12 cages (1.5 m³). Fish were fed for 90 days on basal diets containing 0 (control); 1x10(6) CFU g-1; 5x10(6) CFU g-1; and 1x10(7) CFU g-1 of the probiotic. The results showed no significant difference on performance and proximal composition of fish. Blood glucose and hemoglobin were lower in 1x10(7) CFU g-1 group, suggesting improves of the homeostatic state of the fish. Other hematimetric indices did not differ between groups. It was observed significant increase of villi height and in the number of goblet cells of the intestine in fish supplemented 5x10(6) CFU g-1 and 1x10(7) CFU g-1 of food suggesting that fish improved the digestion and absorption of nutrients. However, more studies are needed to determine the efficacy of this probiotic in field conditions in Nile tilapia.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del probiótico Bacillus amyloliquefaciens en el desempeño del crecimiento, hemograma y morfometría intestinal en tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) criadas en balsas jaulas. 936 tilapias del Nilo se distribuyeron en 12 balsas jaulas (1,5 m³). Los peces fueron alimentados durante 90 días con dietas que contenían 0 (control); 1x 10(6) UFC g-1; 5x10(6) UFC g-1 y 1x10(7) UFC g-1 del probiótico. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento y composición proximal de los peces. La glucosa en sangre y hemoglobina fue menor en el grupo 1x10(7) UFC g-1, lo que sugiere un mejor estado homeostático de los peces. Otros parámetros hematimétricos no difirieron entre los grupos. Se observó aumento significativo de la altura de las vellosidades y número de células caliciformes del intestino en los peces suplementados con 5x10(6) UFC g-1 y 1x 10(7) UFC g-1 de alimento que sugieren que los peces mejoraron la digestión y absorción de nutrientes. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para determinar la eficacia de este probiótico en condiciones de campo en tilapia del Nilo.

The application of combined chemical coagulation and electrochemical oxidation processes to treat a leachate from an intermunicipal sanitary landfill was evaluated. Chemical coagulation (CC) experiments were performed with lime (Ca(OH)2), and the influence of the lime concentration, stirring speed and assay duration were studied. In the electrochemical oxidation (EO) assays, a boron-doped diamond anode was used, and two applied current intensities were tested. It was also evaluated the influence of the lime concentration used in the CC pre-treatment on the EO performance. In the CC assays, the highest COD removals were obtained for lime concentrations of 20 and 25 g L-1, at 100 rpm stirring speed, during 2 h. In the CC+EO combined treatment the highest removals were obtained at the applied current intensity of 0.6 A, being the influence of the lime concentration used in the pre-treatment almost insignificant. The highest current efficiency was obtained for the combined treatment with EO assays performed at 0.4 A.

A composição da dieta de 66 espécies de peixes foi investigada de setembro de 2009 a junho de 2010, em três subsistemas da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná (Brasil), após a invasão das espécies de molusco Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) e Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774), e da macrófita Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. Limnoperna fortunei foi consumida em todos os subsistemas amostrados e ocorreu na dieta de 15 espécies de peixes, com grande participação na dieta de Leporinus obtusidens. Corbicula fluminea esteve presente na dieta de Pterodoras granulosus coletados nos subsistemas Paraná e Ivinheima. Hydrilla verticillata ocorreu na dieta de Schizodon nasutus, capturados nos subsistemas Ivinheima e Paraná. Até o momento não é possível avaliar o potencial destas espécies para controlar moluscos invasores na área de estudo ou o impacto destas espécies sobre a estrutura das cadeias alimentares. Peixes omnívoros e herbívoros da área de estudo podem ter pouco impacto sobre a população de H. verticillata.

The composition of the diets of 66 species of fishes was investigated from September 2009 to June 2010 in three subsystems of the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Brazil), following invasion by the two mollusk species Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) and Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774), and the macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. Limnoperna fortunei was consumed in all three subsystems and occurred in the diet of 15 fish species, with a high proportion in the diet of Leporinus obtusidens. Corbicula flumineawas present in the diet of Pterodoras granulosus caught in the Paraná and Ivinheima subsystems. Hydrilla verticillataoccurred in the diet of Schizodon nasutus caught in the Ivinheima and Paraná subsystems. It is not yet possible to evaluate the potential of these species to control invasive mollusks in the study area or the impact of these species on the structure of the food chain. Omnivorous and herbivorous fishes in the study area may have little impact on the population of H. verticillata.

Objective. The objective of this study was to establish the thermographic profile of the lower limbs in elite young soccer players. Method. One hundred soccer players from the U-19 categories of a first division Brazilian football club (15.5 ± 1.37 years; 67.93 ± 9.62 kg; 177.49 ± 8.67 cm) participated in the study. Two thermograms allowed us to record maximum and average skin temperatures (T SK) in four body regions of interest (ROIs) of the lower limbs corresponding to the anterior and posterior view of the leg and thigh. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare bilateral T SK differences with a significance level of α < 0.05. Results. Average values of T SK in the anterior view were as follows: right thigh 30.2 ± 1.9°C, left thigh 30.2 ± 1.9°C, right leg 29.8 ± 1.8°C, and left leg 29.9 ± 1.8°C. In the posterior view, the values were as follows: right thigh 30.3 ± 1.8°C, left thigh 30.2 ± 1.8°C, right leg 29.6 ± 1.9°C, and left leg 29.4 ± 1.9°C. The statistical analysis did not show significant differences between sides in the selected ROIs for average or maximum temperatures. A histogram of T SK frequencies for each ROI allowed establishment of values for hyper-and hypothermia. Conclusion. The elite young soccer players analyzed showed contralateral thermal symmetry. The average T SK differences for paired ROIs were each < 0.2°C. Each ROI exhibited a specific thermal profile. The registered T SK indicated a normal thermal profile of the athletes.

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer el perfil termográfico de los miembros inferiores en jóvenes jugadores de fútbol de élite. Método. En el estudio participaron 100 jugadores de fútbol de categorías sub-19 de clubes de fútbol brasileños de primera división (15,5 ± 1,37 años; 67,93 ± 9,62 kg; 177,49 ± 8,67 cm). Mediante dos termogramas se obtuvieron las temperaturas máximas y medias de la piel (T SK) de cuatro regiones corporales de interés (RDI) correspondientes a la vista anterior y posterior de la pierna y del muslo. Se empleó el test de Wilcoxon para comparar las diferencias de la T SK bilateral, con un nivel de significación α < 0,05. Resultados. Los valores medios de la T SK en la vista anterior fueron los siguientes: muslo derecho 30,2 ± 1,9°C, muslo izquierdo 30,2 ± 1,9°C, pierna derecha 29,8 ± 1,8°C y pierna izquierda 29,9 ± 1,8°C. En la vista posterior, los valores fueron los siguientes: muslo derecho 30,3 ± 1,8°C; muslo izquierdo 30,2 ± 1,8°C; pierna derecha 29,6 ± 1,9°C y pierna izquierda 29,4 ± 1,9°C. El análisis estadístico no mostró diferencias significativas en las temperaturas medias o máximas tomadas en las RDI elegidas. Un histograma de las frecuencias de T SK para cada RDI permitió establecer valores para hiper e hipotermia. Conclusión. Los jóvenes jugadores de fútbol de élite analizados mostraron simetría térmica contralateral. La T SK media para pares de RDI era para cada uno < 0,2°C. Cada RDI mostró un perfil térmico específico. La T SK mostró un perfil térmico normal de los atletas.

The influence of whey on the piglet performance and diarrhea incidence in three initial weeks of the initial phase was studied. Thirty suckling piglets weaned at 21 days of age and weighting 6.0 ± 0.4 kg were randomized in one of the three treatments related with whey concentration on regular diet: 1) 0 % (T1); 10 % (T2) and 20 % (T3) of whey and kept individually. The characteristics of the feces were observed and classified according to score level of diarrhea. There was no difference in daily weight gain, however, for the animals underwent the T1, feed intake of the diet was lower (p<0.05) which caused less feed conversion. The incidence and the scores for diarrhea were different (p<0.05) between the treatments. The score 3 of diarrhea, liquid feces, indicates the severity of the process and it was more frequent (p<0.05) in T1. The inclusion of whey on the diet increased the fed consumption and reduced the incidence of diarrhea in piglets at initial phase of development.

Avaliou-se influência da adição do soro de leite sobre o desempenho de suínos nas três semanas iniciais da fase creche e a ocorrência de diarréia. Trinta leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade com peso vivo médio de 6,00 ± 0,44 kg foram distribuídos, alojados individualmente, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em 3 tratamentos: adição de 0 (T1), 10 (T2) e 20 % (T3) de soro de leite a ração controle. As avaliações realizadas foram o desempenho dos animais e a ocorrência e características físicas ou escores das fezes geradas. Não se verificou diferença no ganho médio diário em peso, porém o menor (p<0,05) consumo médio diário de ração foi para animais submetidos ao T1, fato este que acarretou melhor conversão alimentar. Houve diferença (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos sobre a ocorrência e escores de diarréia, sendo que no T1 verificouse a maior (p< 0,05) severidade, o que se comprova tendo em vista a maior ocorrência de escore 3, ou seja, fezes líquidas. A inclusão do soro de leite à dieta de leitões em início da fase creche acarreta aumento no consumo médio diário de ração, no entanto é eficaz na redução de ocorrência de diarréias nos leitões.

This work evaluated HPV infection in the oral cavity (using oroscopy and exfoliative oral cytology) and its relation to genital infection in women with cytological diagnosis suggestive of HPV infection. The sample consisted of 60 patients who underwent oroscopy, cytology and viral determination in mouth and cervix by PCR using generic primers MY09/MY11 and MPCR. HPV DNA was detected in oral and genital mucosa in 48.33% and 73.3% of patients, respectively, yielding a concordance of 44.2% (k=0.44, moderate agreement). The most common viral types were low risk, especially type 6, found in 86.2% of oral samples and 65.9% of cervical specimens, alone or in combination with other types of low (11) or high oncogenic risk (16, 18, 33), with a concordance of 10.45% (k = 0.1, insignificant agreement). However, in relation to type 6, there was a concordance of 75.86% (k=0.7, high agreement). The cytology of the oral cavity had a sensitivity of 3.5% and a specificity of 93.6%. For oroscopy, sensitivity was 27.6% and specificity was 74.2%. The results indicate that HPV infection in the oral cavity of patients with genital infection could be frequent. The low concordance between HPV types suggests that HPV infection in the mouth and cervix has a different biological behavior.

En este trabajo se evaluó la presencia de VPH en la cavidad bucal (mediante oroscopia y citología oral exfoliativa) y su relación con la infección genital en mujeres con diagnóstico citológico sugestivo de infección por VPH. La muestra consistió en 60 pacientes a quienes se les realizó oroscopia, citología y determinación viral en boca y cérvix por PCR, utilizando los iniciadores genéricos MY09/MY11 y MPCR. Se detectó ADN de VPH en las mucosas oral y genital en 48,33 % y 73,3% de las pacientes, respectivamente, obteniéndose una concordancia de 44,2% (k=0,44 indicando grado de acuerdo moderado). Los tipos virales más frecuentes fueron de bajo riesgo, especialmente el tipo 6, encontrado en 86,2% de las muestras bucales y 65,9% de las muestras cervicales, solo o en combinación con otros tipos de bajo (11) o de alto riesgo oncogénico (16, 18, 33), con una concordancia de 10,45% (k=0,1 indicando grado de acuerdo muy bajo); sin embargo, particularmente en relación al tipo 6, hubo una concordancia de 75,86% (k=0,7 indicando grado de acuerdo alto). La citología de la cavidad bucal tuvo una sensibilidad de 3,5 % y especificidad de 93,6 %. Para la oroscopia, la sensibilidad fue de 27,6 % y la especificidad de 74,2 %. Los resultados señalan que la infección por VPH en cavidad bucal de pacientes con infección genital pudiera ser frecuente. La baja concordancia global entre los tipos virales sugiere que la infección por VPH en boca y cérvix presenta un comportamiento biológico diferente.

This study analyzes the heat transfer in human eyes following implantation of retinal prostheses using an axisymmetric formulation of the Finite Volume Method. The model used consisted of a vertex centered unstructured grid finite volume method in an edge-based data structure and an explicit time integration. The results of the finite volume thermal analysis in ocular tissues were determined in the presence of two types of retinal implants: subretinal and epiretinal. For the subretinal device, the maximum temperature reached in the retina was 36.78°C (309.78 K) and the irreversible thermal damage occurred at 200 days. In the case of the epiretinal implant, the maximum temperature reached at the retinal/chip interface was 36.92°C (309.92 K) and the irreversible thermal damage occurred at 180 days. Our results indicate that tin spite of its higher dissipation power, the epiretinal implant produces thermal damages similar to that caused by the subretinal implant. The computational tool which was developed was able to effectively calculate temperature profiles and thermal damage values to retinal implants and is also capable to calculate temperature profile in any other geometry of interest, for example with other types s of external thermal source like laser beans.

The electrochemical treatment of leachate samples collected in a Portuguese intermunicipal sanitary landfill was carried out using combined electrocoagulation followed by anodic oxidation processes. Samples were collected after the biological treatment of the in situ plant and in permeate of an ultrafiltration operation, located after the biological treatment. Electrocoagulation was performed with iron consumable anodes, at different initial pH, with and without stirring, at different applied potentials. In the anodic oxidation assays a boron-doped diamond anode was used and applied current densities from 100 to 300 A m-2 were tested. The influence of the experimental conditions of the electrocoagulation pretreatment on the anodic oxidation performance was also assessed. In the electrocoagulation assays the lowest iron and energy consumptions per mass of organic load removed were obtained at initial pH of 4 for the samples collected after the biological treatment and at initial pH of 6 for the sample collected in the ultrafiltration permeate, all in the unstirred assays. In the anodic oxidation, the highest average current efficiencies were obtained in the assays run at lower current density, being higher for the samples collected after the biological treatment. For both type of samples, the correction of the pH prior to the electrocoagulation pretreatment led to a decrease in the average current efficiency during the anodic oxidation.